Indexing Data Flow

With Fusion, your data is indexed in a set of collections in Fusion’s Solr core. A primary collection holds your searchable content, such as your product catalog, knowledge base, blog articles, product reviews, and so on. A set of secondary collections are associated with your primary collection to hold related data that Fusion can use to enhance the relevancy of your search results. This topic shows you how different types of data flow through Fusion to be indexed in your primary and secondary collections.

1. Index your content

No matter where your content is located, Fusion can index it. The Fusion collection where your searchable content is indexed is called the primary collection. Secondary collections are automatically created to hold related data, such as signals, machine learning job output, and so on. There are a few ways to index your searchable content to the primary collection:

Connectors: Lucidworks has a wide variety of connectors for many types of data sources. Find your connector. Once the connector fetches your data, parsers read it before passing it to the index pipeline.
- The gRpc remote framework is configured on the client side and only works with V2 type connectors.
- V1 classic connectors support ingesting data using IP white lists, VPN tunnels, and public channels.
The Parallel Bulk Loader (PBL): The PBL can send your data to an index pipeline or directly to the primary collection, depending on whether the data requires transformation before indexing. It does not support parsers and is not recommended for production environments.
Import Data with the REST API: Send your content to an index profile using the Fusion REST API. Index profiles are saved configurations of parsers and index pipelines.

Import Data with the REST API

It is often possible to get documents into Fusion by configuring a datasource with the appropriate connector.But if there are obstacles to using connectors, it can be simpler to index documents with a REST API call to an index profile or pipeline.

Push documents to Fusion using index profiles

Index profiles allow you to send documents to a consistent endpoint (the profile alias) and change the backend index pipeline as needed. The profile is also a simple way to use one pipeline for multiple collections without any one collection “owning” the pipeline.You can send documents directly to an index using the Index Profiles REST API. The request path is:

/api/apps/APP_NAME/index/INDEX_PROFILE

These requests are sent as a POST request. The request header specifies the format of the contents of the request body. Create an index profile in the Fusion UI.To send a streaming list of JSON documents, you can send the JSON file that holds these objects to the API listed above with application/json as the content type. If your JSON file is a list or array of many items, the endpoint operates in a streaming way and indexes the docs as necessary.

Send data to an index profile that is part of an app

Accessing an index profile through an app lets a Fusion admin secure and manage all objects on a per-app basis. Security is then determined by whether a user can access an app. This is the recommended way to manage permissions in Fusion.The syntax for sending documents to an index profile that is part of an app is as follows:

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/apps/APP_NAME/index/INDEX_PROFILE --data-binary @my-json-data.json

Spaces in an app name become underscores. Spaces in an index profile name become hyphens.

To prevent the terminal from displaying all the data and metadata it indexes—useful if you are indexing a large file—you can optionally append ?echo=false to the URL.Be sure to set the content type header properly for the content being sent. Some frequently used content types are:

Text: application/json, application/xml
PDF documents: application/pdf
MS Office:
- DOCX: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
- XLSX: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
- PPTX: application/vnd.vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
- More types: http://filext.com/faq/office_mime_types.php

Example: Send JSON data to an index profile under an app

In $FUSION_HOME/apps/solr-dist/example/exampledocs you can find a few sample documents. This example uses one of these, books.json.To push JSON data to an index profile under an app:

Create an index profile. In the Fusion UI, click Indexing > Index Profiles and follow the prompts.

From the directory containing books.json, enter the following, substituting your values for username, password, and index profile name:

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/apps/APP_NAME/index/INDEX_PROFILE?echo=false --data-binary @books.json

Test that your data has made it into Fusion:
1. Log into the Fusion UI.
2. Navigate to the app where you sent your data.
3. Navigate to the Query Workbench.
4. Search for *:*.
5. Select relevant Display Fields, for example author and name.

Example: Send JSON data without defining an app

In most cases it is best to delegate permissions on a per-app basis. But if your use case requires it, you can push data to Fusion without defining an app.To send JSON data without app security, issue the following curl command:

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/index/INDEX_PROFILE --data-binary @my-json-data.json

Example: Send XML data to an index profile with an app

To send XML data to an app, use the following:

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X POST -H 'content-type: application/xml' https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/apps/APP_NAME/index/INDEX_PROFILE --data-binary @my-xml-file.xml

In Fusion 5, documents can be created on the fly using the PipelineDocument JSON notation.

Remove documents

Example 1

The following example removes content:

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X POST -H 'content-type: application/vnd.lucidworks-document' https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/apps/APP_NAME/index/INDEX_PROFILE --data-binary @del-json-data.json

Example 2

A more specific example removes data from books.json. To delete “The Lightning Thief” and “The Sea of Monsters” from the index, use their id values in the JSON file.The del-json-data.json file to delete the two books:

[{ "id": "978-0641723445","commands": [{"name": "delete","params": {}}]},{ "id": "978-1423103349","commands": [{"name": "delete","params": {}}, {"name": "commit","params": {}}]}]

You can use ?echo=false to turn off the response to the terminal.

Example 3

Another example to delete items using the Push API is:

curl -u admin:XXX -X POST  'http://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/apps/APP/index/INDEX' -H 'Content-Type: application/vnd.lucidworks-document' -d '[
  {
    "id": "1663838589-44",
    "commands":
    [
      {
        "name": "delete",
        "params":
        {}
      },
      {
        "name": "commit",
        "params":
        {}
      }
    ]
  }, ...
]'

Send documents to an index pipeline

Although sending documents to an index profile is recommended, if your use case requires it, you can send documents directly to an index pipeline.For more information about index pipeline REST API reference documentation, see Fusion 5.x Index Pipelines API.

Specify a parser

When you push data to a pipeline, you can specify the name of the parser by adding a parserId querystring parameter to the URL. For example: https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/index-pipelines/INDEX_PIPELINE/collections/COLLECTION_NAME/index?parserId=PARSER.If you do not specify a parser, and you are indexing outside of an app (https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/index-pipelines/...), then the _system parser is used.If you do not specify a parser, and you are indexing in an app context (https://FUSION_HOST:FUSION_PORT/api/apps/APP_NAME/index-pipelines/...), then the parser with the same name as the app is used.

Indexing CSV Files

In the usual case, to index a CSV or TSV file, the file is split into records, one per row, and each row is indexed as a separate document.

Synchronous parsing
Asynchronous parsing

When using the REST API for , you can send content directly to the Fusion indexing endpoint for Fusion to process. You can designate an index profile that consists of a parser, collection, and a pipeline. If you do not want to use an index profile, you can specify the parser, collection, and pipeline in the API call.

Index documents using synchronous parsing.

The index pipeline consists of one or more configurable index pipeline stages, each performing a different type of transformation on the incoming data. Each connector has a default index pipeline, but you can modify these or create new ones. The last stage in any index pipeline should be the Solr Indexer stage, which submits the documents to Solr for indexing.

2. Index your signals

Signals are event records that provide historical data about user behavior, such as clicks, likes, purchases, and so on. You don’t need to index signals about query responses; Fusion indexes response signals automatically by default. If you are using App Studio or App Insights, then you need to index request signals. Learn more about signal types and required fields. To index your signals, you send them to Fusion using the Signals API, which points to the hidden index pipeline designed especially for signals. Indexing your signals

Raw signals are indexed in a secondary collection called COLLECTION_NAME_signals. For example, if your primary collection is called Products, then the raw signals collection is Products_signals. When you Enable or Disable Signals, Fusion creates jobs and secondary collections for analyzing and aggregating your raw signals. Some of this data enables query rewriting and automatic boosting, while other data becomes useful when you enable recommendations.

Enable or Disable Signals

You can enable and disable signals using the Fusion UI or the REST API.

When you disable signals, the aggregation jobs are deleted, but the _signals and _signals_aggr collections are not, your legacy signal data remains intact.

Using the UI

When you create a collection using the Fusion UI, signals are enabled and a signals collection created by default. You can also enable and disable signals for existing collections using the Collections Manager.Enable signals for a collection

In the Fusion workspace, navigate to Collections > Collections Manager.
Hover over the primary collection for which you want to enable signals.
Click Configure to open the drop-down menu.
Click Enable Signals.
The Enable Signals window appears, with a list of collections and jobs that are created when you enable signals.
Click Enable Signals.

Disable signals for a collection

In the Fusion workspace, navigate to Collections > Collections Manager.
Hover over the primary collection for which you want to disable signals.
Click Configure to open the drop-down menu.
Click Disable Signals.
The Disable Signals window appears, with a list of jobs that are created when you enable signals.
Click Disable Signals.
Your _signals and _signals_aggr collections remain intact so that you can access your legacy signals data.

Using the Collection Features API

Using the API, the /collections/{collection}/features/{feature} endpoint enables or disables signals for any collection:Check whether signals are enabled for a collection

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD http://localhost:{api-port}/api/collections/COLLECTION_NAME/features/signals

Enable signals for a collection

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X PUT -H "Content-type: application/json" -d '{"enabled" : true}' http://localhost:{api-port}/api/collections/COLLECTION_NAME/features/signals

Disable signals for a collection

curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -X PUT -H "Content-type: application/json" -d '{"enabled" : false}' http://localhost:{api-port}/api/collections/COLLECTION_NAME/features/signals

Fusion jobs that index signals-related data

The _session_rollup job creates session signals from your raw signals and adds them to the _signals collection.
Automatic query rewrites are created by several jobs and indexed in the _query_rewrite_staging collection for review before they are published to the _query_rewrite collection.
The _head_tail job sends rewrites for underperforming queries to the _query_rewrite_staging collection. It also sends analytics tables to the _job_reports collection.
The _signals_aggr collection stores unique combinations of query, document ID, and filters found in your raw signals, each with a timestamp, weight, and count. These are generated by the _click_signals_aggregation job and the _user_query_history_agg job.
The user_item_prefs_agg job identifies unique pairs of document IDs and user IDs, assigns a timestamp, weight, and count to each pair, and indexes it in the _recs_aggr collection.

4. Fusion jobs that index recommendations

When you enable recommendations, another set of jobs and secondary collections is created. Fusion jobs that index recommendations

The default recommendation jobs read data from different collections depending on the type of recommendations being generated:

Content-based recommendations are produced by the _content_recs job by analyzing your primary collection.
Queries-for-query recommendations are produced by the _query_recs job by analyzing your raw signals.
BPR-based items-for-item and items-for-user recommendations are produced by the _bpr_item_recs job by analyzing aggregated signals.

For more recommendations, try Identify Trending Items or Queries.

Identify Trending Items or Queries

The Trending Recommender job analyzes signals to measure customer engagement over time. Use this job to identify spikes in popularity for specific items or queries, then display those items to your users or analyze the trends for business purposes. You can configure any time window, such as daily, weekly, or monthly.For complete details about the job’s configuration options, see Trending Recommender Jobs.How to identify trending items or queries

Navigate to Collections > Jobs > Add + > Trending Recommender.
Configure the job:
1. Enter an ID for this job.
2. In the Reference Time Days field, enter the number of days to use as a baseline for identifying trends, starting from today.
  For example, enter 21 days to analyze three weeks of signals data to use as a baseline.
3. In the Target Time Days field, enter the number of days to use as a target for identifying trends, starting from today.
  For example, enter 7 days to get documents or products whose popularity has spiked in the past week.
  Reference Time Days and Target Time Days do not overlap. For example, with the values suggested above, a total of 28 days of signals are analyzed, and the first 21 days are compared to the last 7 days.
4. If you want to identify trending queries instead of trending items, change the value of the Document ID Field from doc_id_s to query_s.
  This field must be present in your signals. See the required signals fields in the Trending Recommender Jobs reference topic.
5. In the Training Collection field, enter the Solr collection or cloud path where signals are stored (the COLLECTION_NAME_signals collection by default).
6. In the Output Collection field, enter the Solr collection or cloud path where trend analysis data will be stored.
7. If you are using a format other than solr, enter it in the Data Format field.
8. In the Solr Fields to Read field, enter one or more field names containing text training data.
  You can enter multiple field names with weights, as in field1:weight1,field2:weight2....
9. In the Event Count Field Name field, enter the name of the event count field in your training data, usually count_i.
Click Save.
Click Run > Start to run the job. The job outputs documents similar to this example:

    {
           "doc_id":250,
           "ref_hits":1,
           "ref_rank":1,
           "trgt_hits":1,
           "trgt_rank":1,
           "vol_diff":0.5,
           "average_weekly_vol":0.5,
           "hit_vol_ratio":2.0,
           "combine_score":1.0,
           "vol_diff_ratio":1.0,
           "ref_wt_vol_diff_ratio":1.0,
           "vol_diff_wt_vol_diff_ratio":0.5,
           "log_diff_wt_ratio":1.3068528194400546,
           "trend-type":"prds_weekly",
           "id":"284f930d-d750-49a2-90ac-be4692bddda9",
           "_version_":1682995654191742976
     }

Configure a query pipeline to retrieve trending items from the job’s output collection for display or further analysis. For information about pipelines created when recommendations are enabled, see enable recommendations.
Search on the log_diff_wt_ratio field to find the top trending items in the output collection.

What’s next?

See Query Data Flow to learn about querying your content and recommendations.

Introduction to Fusion

Getting Data In

Getting Data Out

Operations

Reference

Developer Docs

Neural Hybrid Search

Release Notes

1. Index your content

Push documents to Fusion using index profiles

Send data to an index profile that is part of an app

Example: Send JSON data to an index profile under an app

Example: Send JSON data without defining an app

Example: Send XML data to an index profile with an app

Remove documents

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Send documents to an index pipeline

Specify a parser

Indexing CSV Files

2. Index your signals

Using the UI

Using the Collection Features API

4. Fusion jobs that index recommendations

What’s next?

Introduction to Fusion

Getting Data In

Getting Data Out

Operations

Reference

Developer Docs

Neural Hybrid Search

Release Notes

​1. Index your content

​Push documents to Fusion using index profiles

​Send data to an index profile that is part of an app

​Example: Send JSON data to an index profile under an app

​Example: Send JSON data without defining an app

​Example: Send XML data to an index profile with an app

​Remove documents

​Example 1

​Example 2

​Example 3

​Send documents to an index pipeline

​Specify a parser

​Indexing CSV Files

​2. Index your signals

​3. Fusion jobs that index signals-related data

​Using the UI

​Using the Collection Features API

​4. Fusion jobs that index recommendations

​What’s next?

1. Index your content

Push documents to Fusion using index profiles

Send data to an index profile that is part of an app

Example: Send JSON data to an index profile under an app

Example: Send JSON data without defining an app

Example: Send XML data to an index profile with an app

Remove documents

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Send documents to an index pipeline

Specify a parser

Indexing CSV Files

2. Index your signals

3. Fusion jobs that index signals-related data

Using the UI

Using the Collection Features API

4. Fusion jobs that index recommendations

What’s next?