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Fusion 5.12
    Fusion 5.12

    Import with the Bulk Loader

    Create and run Parallel Bulk Loader jobs

    Use the Jobs manager to create and run Parallel Bulk Loader jobs. You can also use the Scheduler to schedule jobs.

    In the procedures, select Parallel Bulk Loader as the job type and configure the job as needed.

    Configuration settings for the Parallel Bulk Loader job

    This section provides configuration settings for the Parallel Bulk Loader job. Also see configuration properties in the Jobs Configuration Reference.

    Read settings

    Setting Description

    format

    Unique identifier of the data source provider. Spark scans the job’s classpath for a class named DefaultSource in the <format> package. For example, for the solr format, we provide the solr.DefaultSource class in our spark-solr repository:

    path (optional)

    Comma-delimited list of paths to load. Some data sources, such as parquet, require a path. Others, such as Solr, do not. Refer to the documentation for your data source to determine if you need to provide a path.

    readOptions

    Options passed to the Spark SQL data source to configure the read operation. Options differ for every data source. Refer to the specific data source documentation for more information.

    sparkConfig (optional)

    List of Spark configuration settings needed to run the Parallel Bulk Loader.

    shellOptions

    Behind the scenes, the Parallel Bulk Loader job submits a Scala script to the Fusion Spark shell. The shellOptions setting lets you pass any additional options needed by the Spark shell. The two most common options are --packages and --repositories:

    --packages

    Comma-separated list of Maven coordinates of JAR files to include on the driver and executor classpaths. Spark searches the local Maven repository, and then Maven central and any additional remote repositories given in the config. The format for the coordinates should be groupId:artifactId:version. The HBase example below demonstrates the use of the packages option for loading the com.hortonworks:shc-core:1.1.1-2.1-s_2.11 package.

    Use the https://spark-packages.org/ site to find interesting packages to add to your Parallel Bulk Loader jobs.

    --repositories

    Comma-separated list of additional remote Maven repositories to search for the Maven coordinates given in the packages config setting. The Index HBase tables example below demonstrates the use of the repositories option for loading the com.hortonworks:shc-core:1.1.1-2.1-s_2.11 package from the Hortonworks repository.

    timestampFieldName

    For datasources that support time-based filters, the Parallel Bulk Loader computes the timestamp of the last document written to Solr and the current timestamp of the Parallel Bulk Loader job. For example, the HBase data source lets you filter the read between a MIN_STAMP and MAX_STAMP, for example:

    val timeRangeOpts = Map(HBaseRelation.MIN_STAMP -> minStamp.toString, HBaseRelation.MAX_STAMP -> maxStamp.toString)

    This lets Parallel Bulk Loader jobs run on schedules, and pull only the newest rows from the underlying datasources.

    To support timestamp based filtering, the Parallel Bulk Loader provides two simple macros:

    $lastTimestamp(format)

    $nowTimestamp(format)

    The format argument is optional. If not supplied, then an ISO-8601 date/time string is used. The timestampFieldName setting is used to determine the value of lastTimestamp, using a Top 1 query to Solr to get the max timestamp. You can also pass $lastTimestamp(EPOCH) or $lastTimestamp(EPOCH_MS) to get the timestamp in seconds or milliseconds.

    See the Index HBase tables example below for an example of using this configuration property.

    Transformation settings

    Setting Description

    transformScala

    Sometimes, you can write a small script to transform input data into the correct form for indexing. But at other times, you might need the full power of the Spark API to transform data into an indexable form.

    The transformScala option lets you filter and/or transform the input DataFrame any way you would like. You can even define UDFs to use during your transformation. For an example of using Scala to transform the input DataFrame before indexing in Solr, see the Read from Parquet example.

    Another powerful use of the transformScala option is that you can pull in advanced libraries, such as Spark NLP (from John Snow Labs) to do NLP work on your content before indexing. See the Use NLP during indexing example.

    Your Scala script can do other things but, at a minimum, it must define the following function that the Parallel Bulk Loader invokes:

    def transform(inputDF: Dataset[Row]) : Dataset[Row] = {
  // do transformations and/or filter the inputDF here
}

Your script can rely on the following vals:
spark: SparkSession
sc: SparkContext
fusionZKConn: ZKConnection // needed to access Fusion API
solrCollection: SolrCollection // output collection
jobId: Loader job config ID

Also, the following classes have already been imported:
import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._
import spark.implicits._
import spark.sql
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
import com.lucidworks.spark.util.{SparkShellSupport => _lw}
import com.lucidworks.spark.job.sql.SparkSQLLoader
import com.lucidworks.spark.ml.recommenders.SolrCollection
import com.lucidworks.spark.ZKConnection
import org.apache.spark.sql.{Dataset, Row}

    transformSql

    The transformSql option lets you write a SQL query to transform the input DataFrame. The SQL is executed after the transformScala script (if both are defined). The input DataFrame is exposed to your SQL as the _input view. See the Clean up data with SQL transformations example below for an example of using SQL to transform the input before indexing in Solr. This option also lets you leverage the UDF/UDAF functions provided by Spark SQL.

    mlModelId

    If you have a Spark ML PipelineModel loaded into the blob store, you can supply the blob ID to the Parallel Bulk Loader and it will:

    1. Load the model from the blob store.

    2. Transform the input DataFrame (after the Scala transform but before the SQL transform).

    3. Add the predicted output field (specified in the model metadata stored in the blob store) to the projected fields list.

    PipelineModel ID

    This lets you use Spark ML models to make predictions in a more scalable, performant manner than what can be achieved with a Machine Learning index stage.

    Output settings

    Setting Description

    outputCollection

    Name of the Fusion collection to write to. The Parallel Bulk Loader uses the Collections API to resolve the underlying Solr collection at runtime.

    outputIndexPipeline

    Name of a Fusion index pipeline to which to send documents, instead of directly indexing to Solr. This option lets you perform additional ETL (extract, transform, and load) processing on the documents before they are indexed in Solr. If you need to write to time-partitioned indexes, then you must use an index pipeline, because writing directly to Solr is not partition aware.

    defineFieldsUsingInputSchema

    Flag to indicate if the Parallel Bulk Loader should use the input schema to create fields in Solr, after applying the Scala and/or SQL transformations. If false, then the Parallel Bulk Loader relies on the Fusion index pipeline and/or Solr field guessing to create the fields. If true, only fields that do not exist already in Solr are created. Consequently, if there is a type mismatch between an existing field in Solr and the input schema, you will need to use a transformation to rename the field in the input schema.

    clearDatasource

    If checked, the Parallel Bulk Loader deletes any existing documents in the output collection that match the query _lw_loader_id_s:<JOB>. Consequently, the Parallel Bulk Loader adds two metadata fields to each row: _lw_loader_id_s and _lw_loader_job_id_s.

    atomicUpdates

    Flag to send documents directly to Solr as atomic updates instead of as new documents. This option is not supported when using an index profile. Also note that the Parallel Bulk Loader tracking fields _lw_loader_id_s and _lw_loader_job_id_s are not sent when using atomic updates, so the clear datasource option does not work with documents created using atomic updates.

    outputOptions

    Options used when writing directly to Solr. See Spark-Solr: https://github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr#index-parameters

    For example, if your docs are relatively small, you might want to increase the batch_size (2000 default) as shown below:

    batch_size parameter

    outputPartitions

    Coalesce the DataFrame into N partitions before writing to Solr. This can help spread the indexing work out across more executors that are available in Spark, or limit the parallelism when writing to Solr.

    Tune performance

    As the name of the Parallel Bulk Loader job implies, it is designed to ingest large amounts of data into Fusion by parallelizing the work across your Spark cluster. To achieve scalability, you might need to increase the amount of memory and/or CPU resources allocated to the job.

    By default, Fusion’s Spark configuration settings control the resources allocated to Parallel Bulk Loader jobs.

    You can pass these properties in the job configuration to override the default Spark shell options:

    Parameter Name Description and Default

    --driver-cores

    Cores for the driver

    Default: 1

    --driver-memory

    Memory for the driver (for example, 1000M or 2G)

    Default: 1024M

    --executor-cores

    Cores per executor

    Default: 1 in YARN mode, or all available cores on the worker in standalone mode

    --executor-memory

    Memory per executor (for example, 1000M or 2G)

    Default: 1G

    --total-executor-cores

    Total cores for all executors

    Default: Without setting this parameter, the total cores for all executors is the number of executors in YARN mode, or all available cores on all workers in standalone mode.

    Spark shell options

    Examples

    Here we provide screenshots and example JSON job definitions to illustrate key points about how to load from different data sources.

    Use NLP during indexing

    In this example, we leverage the John Snow labs NLP library during indexing. This is just quick-and-dirty to show the concept.

    Also see:

    NLP during indexing

    Use this transform Scala script:

    import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp._
import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.annotators._
import org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline
import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.annotators.sbd.pragmatic.SentenceDetector

def transform(inputDF: Dataset[Row]) : Dataset[Row] = {
  val documentAssembler = new DocumentAssembler().setInputCol("plot_txt_en").setOutputCol("document")
  val sentenceDetector = new SentenceDetector().setInputCols(Array("document")).setOutputCol("sentences")

  val finisher = new Finisher()
    .setInputCols("sentences")
    .setOutputCols("sentences_ss")
    .setOutputAsArray(true)
    .setCleanAnnotations(false)

  val pipeline = new Pipeline().setStages(Array(documentAssembler,sentenceDetector,finisher))
  pipeline.fit(inputDF).transform(inputDF).drop("document").drop("sentences")
}

    Be sure to add the JohnSnowLabs:spark-nlp:1.4.2 package using Spark Shell Options.

    Clean up data with SQL transformations

    Fusion has a Local Filesystem connector that can handle files such as CSV and JSON files. Using the Parallel Bulk Loader lets you leverage features that are not in the Local Filesystem connector, such as using SQL to clean up the input data.

    SQL transformation of CSV data

    Use the following SQL to clean up the input data before indexing:

    SELECT _c0 as user_id,
       CAST(_c1 as INT) as age,
       _c2 as gender,
       _c3 as occupation,
       _c4 as zip_code
 FROM _input

Job JSON:
{
  "type" : "parallel-bulk-loader",
  "id" : "csv",
  "format" : "csv",
  "path" : "/Users/tjp/dev/lw/projects/fusion-spark-bootcamp/labs/movielens/ml-100k/u.user",
  "readOptions" : [ {
    "key" : "delimiter",
    "value" : "|"
  }, {
    "key" : "header",
    "value" : "false"
  } ],
  "outputCollection" : "users",
  "clearDatasource" : false,
  "defineFieldsUsingInputSchema" : true,
  "atomicUpdates" : false,
  "transformSql" : "SELECT _c0 as user_id, \n       CAST(_c1 as INT) as age, \n       _c2 as gender,\n       _c3 as occupation,\n       _c4 as zip_code \n FROM _input"
}

    Read from S3

    It is easy to read from an S3 bucket without pulling data down to your local workstation first. To avoid exposing your AWS credentials, add them to a file named core-site.xml in the apps/spark-dist/conf directory, such as:

    <configuration>
  <property>
    <name>fs.s3a.access.key</name>
    <value>???</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>fs.s3a.secret.key</name>
    <value>???</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

    Then you can load files using the S3a protocol, such as: s3a://sstk-dev/data/u.user. If you are running a Fusion cluster then each instance of Fusion will need a core-site.xml file. S3a is the preferred protocol for reading data into Spark because it uses Amazon’s libraries to read from S3 instead of the legacy Hadoop libraries. If you need other S3 protocols (for example, s3 or s3n) you will need to add the equivalent properties to core-site.xml.

    S3 Read Options

    You will need to add the org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-aws:2.7.3 package to the job using the --packages Spark option. Also, you will need to exclude the com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core,joda-time:joda-time packages using the --exclude-packages option.

    S3 Spark Shell Options

    You can also read from Google Cloud Storage (GCS), but you will need a few more properties in your core-site.xml; see Installing the Cloud Storage connector.

    Read from Parquet

    Reading from parquet files is built into Spark using the "parquet" format. For additional read options, see Configuration of Parquet.

    Read signals from parquet file

    Job JSON:

    {
  "type" : "parallel-bulk-loader",
  "id" : "ecomm demo parquet signals",
  "format" : "parquet",
  "path" : "./part-00000-c1951958-98ae-4f2a-b7b4-2e3a69fcf403-c000.snappy.parquet",
  "outputCollection" : "best-buy_signals",
  "clearDatasource" : false,
  "defineFieldsUsingInputSchema" : true,
  "atomicUpdates" : false
}

    This example also uses the transformScala option to filter and transform the input DataFrame into a better form for indexing using the following Scala script:

    import java.util.Calendar
import java.util.Locale
import java.util.TimeZone

def transform(inputDF: Dataset[Row]) : Dataset[Row] = {
  // do transformations and/or filter the inputDF here
  val signalsDF =
inputDF.filter((unix_timestamp($"timestamp_tdt", "MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSS") < 1325376000))
  val now = System.currentTimeMillis()
  val maxDate = signalsDF.agg(max("timestamp_tdt")).take(1)(0).getAs[java.sql.Timestamp](0).getTime
  val diff = now - maxDate
  val add_time =
udf((t: java.sql.Timestamp, diff : Long) => new java.sql.Timestamp(t.getTime + diff))

  val day_of_week = udf((t: java.sql.Timestamp) => {
    val calendar = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
    calendar.setTimeInMillis(t.getTime)
    calendar.getDisplayName(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.LONG, Locale.getDefault)
  })

  //Remap some columns to bring the timestamps current
  signalsDF
      .withColumnRenamed("timestamp_tdt", "orig_timestamp_tdt").withColumn("timestamp_tdt", add_time($"orig_timestamp_tdt", lit(diff)))
      .withColumn("date", $"timestamp_tdt")
      .withColumn("tx_timestamp_txt", date_format($"timestamp_tdt", "E YYYY-MM-d HH:mm:ss.SSS Z"))
      .withColumn("param.query_time_dt", $"timestamp_tdt")
      .withColumn("date_day", date_format(date_sub($"date", 0), "YYYY-MM-d'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'"))
      .withColumn("date_month", date_format(trunc($"date", "mm"), "YYYY-MM-d'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'"))
      .withColumn("date_year", date_format(trunc($"date", "yyyy"), "YYYY-MM-d'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'"))
      .withColumn("day_of_week", day_of_week($"date"))
}

    Read from JDBC tables

    You can use the Parallel Bulk Loader to parallelize reads from JDBC tables, if the tables have numeric columns that can be partitioned into relatively equal partition sizes. In the example below, we partition the employees table into 4 partitions using the emp_no column (int). Behind the scenes, Spark sends four separate queries to the database and processes the result sets in parallel.

    Load the JDBC driver JAR file into the Blob store

    Before you ingest from a JDBC data source, you need to use the Fusion Admin UI to upload the JDBC driver JAR file into the blob store.

    Alternatively, you can add the JAR file to the Fusion blob store with resourceType=spark:jar; for example:

    curl -XPUT -H "Content-type:application/octet-stream" "http://<FUSION_HOST>/api/blobs/mysql_jdbc_jar?resourceType=spark:jar" --data-binary @mysql-connector-java-5.1.45-bin.jar

    At runtime, Fusion’s Spark job management framework knows how to add any JAR files with resourceType=spark:jar from the blob store to the appropriate classpaths before running a Parallel Bulk Loader job.

    Read from a table

    Read from JDBC tables

    For more information on reading from JDBC-compliant databases, see:

    Job JSON:
    {
  "type" : "parallel-bulk-loader",
  "id" : "load dbtable",
  "format" : "jdbc",
  "readOptions" : [ {
    "key" : "url",
    "value" : "jdbc:mysql://localhost/employees?user=?&password=?"
  }, {
    "key" : "dbtable",
    "value" : "employees"
  }, {
    "key" : "partitionColumn",
    "value" : "emp_no"
  }, {
    "key" : "numPartitions",
    "value" : "4"
  }, {
    "key" : "driver",
    "value" : "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
  }, {
    "key" : "lowerBound",
    "value" : "$MIN(emp_no)"
  }, {
    "key" : "upperBound",
    "value" : "$MAX(emp_no)"
  } ],
  "outputCollection" : "employees",
  "clearDatasource" : false,
  "defineFieldsUsingInputSchema" : true,
  "atomicUpdates" : false
}

    Notice the use of the $MIN(emp_no) and $MAX(emp_no) macros in the read options. These are macros offered by the Parallel Bulk Loader to help configure parallel reads of JDBC tables. Behind the scenes, the macros are translated into SQL queries to get the MAX and MIN values of the specified field, which Spark uses to compute splits for partitioned queries. As mentioned above, the field must be numeric and must have a relatively balanced distribution of values between MAX and MIN; otherwise, you are unlikely to see much performance benefit to partitioning.

    Index HBase tables

    To index an HBase table, use the Hortonworks connector.

    The Parallel Bulk Loader lets us replace the HBase Indexer.

    You will need to add an hbase-site.xml (and possibly core-site.xml) to apps/spark-dist/conf in Fusion, for example:

    <configuration>
 <property>
   <name>hbase.defaults.for.version.skip</name>
   <value>true</value>
 </property>
 <property>
   <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
   <value>localhost:2181</value>
 </property>
 <property>
    <name>zookeeper.znode.parent</name>
    <value>/hbase</value>
 </property>
</configuration>

    For this example, we will create a test table in HBase. If you already have a table in HBase, feel free to use that table instead.

    1. Launch the HBase shell and create a table named fusion_nums with a single column family named lw:

      create 'fusion_nums', 'lw'

    2. Do a list command to see your table:

      hbase(main):002:0> list
TABLE
fusion_nums
1 row(s) in 0.0250 seconds

=> ["fusion_nums"]

    3. Fill the table with some data:

      for i in '1'..'100' do for j in '1'..'2' do put 'fusion_nums', "row#{i}", "lw:c#{j}", "#{i}#{j}" end end

    4. Scan the fusion_nums table to see your data:

      scan 'fusion_nums'

    The HBase connector requires a catalog read option that defines the columns you want to read and how to map them into a Spark DataFrame. For our sample table, the following suffices:

    {
   "table":{"namespace":"default", "name":"fusion_nums"},
   "rowkey":"key",
   "columns":{
     "id":{"cf":"rowkey", "col":"key", "type":"string"},
     "lw_c1_s":{"cf":"lw", "col":"c1", "type":"string"},
     "lw_c2_s":{"cf":"lw", "col":"c2", "type":"string"}
   }
 }

    Index HBase tables

    Notice the use of the $lastTimestamp macro in the read options. This lets us filter rows read from HBase using the timestamp of the last document the Parallel Bulk Loader wrote to Solr, that is, to get the newest updates from HBase only (incremental updates). Most Spark data sources provide a way to filter results based on timestamp.

    Job JSON:

    {
  "type" : "parallel-bulk-loader",
  "id" : "hbase",
  "format" : "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.hbase",
  "readOptions" : [ {
    "key" : "catalog",
    "value" : "{    \"table\":{\"namespace\":\"default\", \"name\":\"fusion_nums\"},    \"rowkey\":\"key\",    \"columns\":{      \"id\":{\"cf\":\"rowkey\", \"col\":\"key\", \"type\":\"string\"},      \"lw_c1_s\":{\"cf\":\"lw\", \"col\":\"c1\", \"type\":\"string\"},      \"lw_c2_s\":{\"cf\":\"lw\", \"col\":\"c2\", \"type\":\"string\"}    }  }"
  }, {
    "key" : "minStamp",
    "value" : "$lastTimestamp(EPOCH_MS)"
  } ],
  "outputCollection" : "hbase",
  "timestampFieldName" : "timestamp_tdt",
  "clearDatasource" : false,
  "defineFieldsUsingInputSchema" : true,
  "atomicUpdates" : false,
  "shellOptions" : [ {
    "key" : "--packages",
    "value" : "com.hortonworks:shc-core:1.1.1-2.1-s_2.11"
  }, {
    "key" : "--repositories",
    "value" : "http://repo.hortonworks.com/content/repositories/releases"
  } ]
}

    Index Elastic data

    With Elasticsearch 6.2.2 using the org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch-spark-20_2.11:6.2.1 package, here is a Scala script to run in bin/spark-shell to index some test data:

    import spark.implicits._

case class SimpsonCharacter(name: String, actor: String, episodeDebut: String)

val simpsonsDF = sc.parallelize(
  SimpsonCharacter("Homer", "Dan Castellaneta", "Good Night") ::
  SimpsonCharacter("Marge", "Julie Kavner", "Good Night") ::
  SimpsonCharacter("Bart", "Nancy Cartwright", "Good Night") ::
  SimpsonCharacter("Lisa", "Yeardley Smith", "Good Night") ::
  SimpsonCharacter("Maggie", "Liz Georges and more", "Good Night") ::
  SimpsonCharacter("Sideshow Bob", "Kelsey Grammer", "The Telltale Head") :: Nil).toDF()

val writeOpts = Map("es.nodes" -> "127.0.0.1",
  "es.port" -> "9200",
  "es.index.auto.create" -> "true",
  "es.resouce.auto.create" -> "shows/simpsons")
simpsonsDF.write.format("org.elasticsearch.spark.sql").mode("Overwrite").save("shows/simpsons")

    Elastic

    Job JSON:

    {
  "type" : "parallel-bulk-loader",
  "id" : "elastic",
  "format" : "org.elasticsearch.spark.sql",
  "readOptions" : [ {
    "key" : "es.nodes",
    "value" : "127.0.0.1"
  }, {
    "key" : "es.port",
    "value" : "9200"
  }, {
    "key" : "es.resource",
    "value" : "shows/simpsons"
  } ],
  "outputCollection" : "hbase_signals_aggr",
  "clearDatasource" : false,
  "defineFieldsUsingInputSchema" : true,
  "atomicUpdates" : false,
"shellOptions" : [ {
    "key" : "--packages",
    "value" : "org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch-spark-20_2.11:6.2.2"
  } ]
}

    Read from Couchbase

    To index a Couchbase bucket, use the official Couchbase Spark connector found here.

    For example, we will create a test bucket in Couchbase. If you already have a bucket in Couchbase, feel free to use that and skip to the test data setup section. This test was performed using Couchbase Server 6.0.0.

    1. Create a bucket test in the Couchbase admin UI. Give access to a system account user to use in the Parallel Bulk Loader job config.

    2. Connect to Couchbase using the command line client cbq. For example, cbq -e=http://<host>:8091 -u <user> -p <password>. Ensure the provided user is an authorized user of the test bucket.

    3. Create a primary index on the test bucket: CREATE PRIMARY INDEX 'test-primary-index' ON 'test' USING GSI;.

    4. Insert some data: INSERT INTO 'test' ( KEY, VALUE ) VALUES ( "1", { "id": "01", "field1": "a value", "field2": "another value"} ) RETURNING META().id as docid, *;.

    5. Verify you can query the document just inserted: select * from 'test';.

    To ingest from this bucket with the Parallel Bulk Loader, use the Couchbase Spark connector by specifying the format com.couchbase.spark.sql.DefaultSource. Then specify the com.couchbase.client:spark-connector_2.11:2.2.0 package as the spark shell --packages option, as well as a few spark settings that direct the connector to a particular Couchbase server and bucket to connect to using the provided credentials. See here for all of the available Spark configuration settings for the Couchbase Spark connector.

    Putting it all together:

    Couchbase

    XML setup

    XML is a supported format that requires settings for format and --packages. In addition, you must specify the filepath in the readOptions section. For example:

    {
    "type": "parallel-bulk-loader",
    "id": "pbl",
    "format": "com.databricks.spark.xml",
    "path": "this-is-ignored",
    "readOptions": [
        {
            "key": "rowTag",
            "value": "tag_name_representing_record"
        },
        {
            "key": "path",
            "value": "/home/user/file.xml.gz"
        }
    ],
    "outputCollection": "output_collection_name",
    "clearDatasource": true,
    "defineFieldsUsingInputSchema": true,
    "atomicUpdates": false,
    "transformScala": "",
    "shellOptions": [
        {
            "key": "--packages",
            "value": "com.databricks:spark-xml_2.11:0.5.0"
        }
    ],
    "cacheAfterRead": false
}