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Fusion 5.12
    Fusion 5.12

    BPR RecommenderJob configuration specifications

    Use this job when you want to compute user recommendations or item similarities using a Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) recommender algorithm.

    Default job name

    COLLECTION_NAME_bpr_item_recs

    Input

    Aggregated signals (the COLLECTION_NAME_recs_aggr collection by default)

    Output

    This job assumes that your signals collection contains the preferences of many users. It uses this collection of preferences to predict another user’s preference for an item that the user has not yet seen:

    • User. Use Training Collection User Id Field to specify the name of the user ID field, usually user_id_s.

    • Item. Use Training Collection Item Id Field to specify the name of the item ID field, usually item_id_s.

    • Interaction-value. Use Training Collection Counts/Weights Field to specify the name of the interaction value field, usually aggr_count_i.

    BPR-based recommenders compare a pair of recommendations for a user.

    You can also configure this job to read from or write to cloud storage. See Configure An Argo-Based Job to Access GCS and Configure An Argo-Based Job to Access S3.
    BPR collaborative recommendations dataflow

    BPR dataflow

    If using Solr as the training data source, ensure that the source collection contains the random_* dynamic field defined in its managed-schema. This field is required for sampling the data. If it is not present, add the following entry to the managed-schema alongside other dynamic fields <dynamicField name="random_*" type="random"/> and <fieldType class="solr.RandomSortField" indexed="true" name="random"/> alongside other field types.

    Tuning tips

    The BPR Recommender job has a few unique tuning parameters compared to the ALS Recommender job:

    • Training Data Filtered By Popular Items

      By setting the minimum number of user interactions required for items to be included in training and recommendations, you can suppress items that do not yet have enough signals data for meaningful recommendations.

    • Filter already clicked items

      This feature produces only "fresh" recommendations, by omitting items the user has already clicked. (It also increases the job’s running time.)

    • Perform approximate nearest neighbor search

      This option reduces the job’s running time significantly, with a small decrease in accuracy. If your training dataset is very small, then you can disable this option.

    • Evaluate on test data

      This feature samples the original dataset to evaluate how well the trained model predicts unseen user interactions. The clicks that are sampled for testing are not used for training. For example, with the default configuration, users who have at least three total clicks are selected for testing. For each of those users, one click is used for testing and the rest are used for training. The trained model is applied to the test data, and the evaluation results are written to the log.

    • Metadata fields for item-item evaluation

      These fields are used during evaluation to determine whether pairs belong to the same category.

    Use this job when you want to compute user recommendations or item similarities using a Bayesian Personalized Ranking recommender. You can also implement a user-to-item recommender in the advanced section of this job’s configuration UI.

    id - stringrequired

    The ID for this job. Used in the API to reference this job. Allowed characters: a-z, A-Z, dash (-) and underscore (_)

    <= 63 characters

    Match pattern: [a-zA-Z][_\-a-zA-Z0-9]*[a-zA-Z0-9]?

    sparkConfig - array[object]

    Provide additional key/value pairs to be injected into the training JSON map at runtime. Values will be inserted as-is, so use " to surround string values

    object attributes:{key required : {
     display name: Parameter Name
     type: string
    }
    value : {
     display name: Parameter Value
     type: string
    }
    }

    writeOptions - array[object]

    Options used when writing output to Solr or other sources

    object attributes:{key required : {
     display name: Parameter Name
     type: string
    }
    value : {
     display name: Parameter Value
     type: string
    }
    }

    readOptions - array[object]

    Options used when reading input from Solr or other sources.

    object attributes:{key required : {
     display name: Parameter Name
     type: string
    }
    value : {
     display name: Parameter Value
     type: string
    }
    }

    outputBatchSize - string

    Batch size of documents when pushing results to solr

    Default: 15000

    jobRunName - string

    Identifier for this job run. Use it to filter recommendations from particular runs.

    trainingCollection - stringrequired

    Solr collection or cloud storage path where training data is present.

    >= 1 characters

    trainingFormat - stringrequired

    The format of the training data - solr, parquet etc.

    >= 1 characters

    Default: solr

    secretName - string

    Name of the secret used to access cloud storage as defined in the K8s namespace

    >= 1 characters

    outputUserRecsCollection - string

    Solr collection or cloud storage path to store batch-predicted user/item recommendations (if absent, none computed). Specify at least one of Items-Users Output Collection or Items-Items Output Collection.

    >= 1 characters

    outputItemSimCollection - string

    Solr collection or cloud storage path to store batch-computed item/item similarities (if absent, none computed). Specify at least one of Items-Users Output Collection or Items-Items Output Collection.

    >= 1 characters

    outputFormat - stringrequired

    The format of the output data - solr, parquet etc.

    >= 1 characters

    Default: solr

    partitionFields - string

    If writing to non-Solr sources, this field will accept a comma-delimited list of column names for partitioning the dataframe before writing to the external output.

    numRecsPerUser - integer

    Number of recommendations that will be saved per user.

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 10

    userTopkAnn - integer

    Applies only when Filter Already Clicked Items is enabled. This is used to fetch additional recommendations so that the value specified for the Number of Recommendations Per User is most likely satisfied with filtering turned on.

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    numSimsPerItem - integer

    Number of recommendations that will be saved per item.

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 10

    deleteOldRecs - boolean

    Should previous recommendations be deleted. If this box is unchecked, then old recommendations will not be deleted but new recommendations will be appended with a different Job ID. Both sets of recommendations will be contained within the same collection. Will only work when output path is solr.

    Default: true

    excludeFromDeleteFilter - string

    If the 'Delete Old Recommendations' flag is enabled, then use this query filter to identify existing recommendation docs to exclude from delete. The filter should identify recommendation docs you want to keep.

    filterClicked - boolean

    Whether to filter out already clicked items in item recommendations for user. Takes more time but drastically improves quality.

    Default: true

    weightField - string

    Solr field name containing stored counts/weights the user has for that item. This field is used as weight during training

    Default: aggr_count_i

    trainingDataFilterQuery - string

    Solr or SQL query to filter training data. Use solr query when solr collection is specified in Training Path. Use SQL query when cloud storage location is specified. The table name for SQL is `spark_input`.

    trainingSampleFraction - number

    Choose a fraction of the data for training.

    <= 1

    exclusiveMaximum: false

    Default: 1

    userIdField - stringrequired

    Solr field name in the training collection that contains stored User ID.

    >= 1 characters

    Default: user_id_s

    itemIdField - stringrequired

    Solr field name in the training collection that contains stored Item ID.

    >= 1 characters

    Default: item_id_s

    randomSeed - integer

    Pseudorandom determinism fixed by keeping this seed constant

    Default: 12345

    itemMetadataFields - array[string]

    List of item metadata fields to include in the recommendation output documents. WARNING: Adding many fields can lead to huge output sizes or OOM issues.

    itemMetadataCollection - string

    Cloud storage path or Solr collection containing item metadata fields you want to add to the recommendation output documents. Leave blank and fill in the metadata fields if you want to fetch data from the training collection. Join field needs to be specified.

    itemMetadataFormat - string

    The format of the metadata - solr, parquet etc.

    >= 1 characters

    Default: solr

    itemMetadataJoinField - string

    Name of field in the item metadata collection to join on.

    performANN - boolean

    Whether to perform approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN). ANN will drastically reduce training time, but accuracy will drop a little. Disable only if training dataset is very small.

    Default: true

    maxNeighbors - integer

    If perform ANN, size of the potential neighbors for the indexing phase. Higher value leads to better recall and shorter retrieval times (at the expense of longer indexing time).Reasonable range: 5~100

    >= 100

    <= 2000

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    exclusiveMaximum: false

    searchNN - integer

    If perform ANN, the depth of search used to find neighbors. Higher value improves recall at the expense of longer retrieval time.Reasonable range: 100~2000

    >= 100

    <= 2000

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    exclusiveMaximum: false

    indexNN - integer

    If perform ANN, the depth of constructed index. Higher value improves recall at the expense of longer indexing time.Reasonable range: 100~2000

    >= 100

    <= 2000

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    exclusiveMaximum: false

    factors - integer

    Latent factor dimension used for matrix decomposition. Bigger values require more time and memory but usually provide better results.

    >= 1

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 100

    epochs - integer

    Number of model training iterations. Model will converge better with larger number at the expense of increased training time. For bigger datasets use smaller values.

    >= 1

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 30

    learningRate - number

    Model learning rate.

    Default: 0.05

    metadataCategoryFields - array[string]

    These fields will be used for item-item evaluation and for determining if the recommendation pair belong to the same category.

    minNumItemUniqueClicks - integer

    Items must have at least this no. of unique user interactions to be included for training and recommendations. The higher this value, the more popular items selected but the amount of training data will reduce.

    >= 1

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 2

    minNumUserUniqueClicks - integer

    Users must have at least this no. of unique item interactions to be included for training and recommendations. The higher this value, the more active users are selected but the amount of training data will reduce.

    >= 1

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 2

    minNumClickedProducts - integer

    Minimum number of clicked products the user should have to be a candidate for the test set.

    >= 2

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 3

    maxNumTestUsers - integer

    Maximum number of test users to choose. If more users satisfying the Minimum Clicked Products criterion are present, the number will be capped to what is specified here.

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 10000

    numTestUserClicks - integer

    How many test user clicks to use for testing. Should be less than the value for Minimum Clicked Products.

    >= 1

    exclusiveMinimum: false

    Default: 1

    doEvaluation - boolean

    Evaluate how well the trained model predicts user clicks. Test data will be sampled from original dataset.

    type - stringrequired

    Default: argo-item-recommender-user

    Allowed values: argo-item-recommender-user